가장 널리 알려진 IQ 테스트 - WAIS, WAIS-R

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

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The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an intelligence test designed to measure cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents. The original WAIS (Form I) was published in February 1955 by David Wechsler, as a revision of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, released in 1939. It is currently in its fourth edition (WAIS-IV) released in 2008 by Pearson, and is the most widely used IQ test, for both adults and older adolescents, in the world.

웩슬러 성인 지능검사(WAIS)는 말 그대로 성인과 청소년 후기를 상대로 인지적 능력을 측정하기 위해 디자인된 지능테스트이다. 오리지널 WAIS(Form 1)는 1955년 2월, 데이빗 웩슬러에 의해 발행되었다. 그것은 1939년 발표되 바 있는 웩슬러-벨뷰 지능척도의 개정판에 해당된다. 

현재 이것은 제4판(WAIS-IV)이 2008년 피어슨(Pearson)에 의해 발표된 바 있으며, 전 세계에 걸쳐 IQ 테스트 중에서 가장 널리 이용된는 것이다. 

WAIS-R

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised

Purpose: Designed as a comprehensive test of cognitive ability for adults.

Population: Ages 16 and over.

Score: Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full Scale IQ.

Time: (60-90) minutes.

Author: David Wechsler.

Publisher: The Psychological Corporation.

Description: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) is a general test of intelligence, which Wechsler defined as, "... the global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment." In keeping with this definition of intelligence as an aggregate of mental aptitudes or abilities, the WAIS-R consists of 11 subtests divided into two parts, verbal and performance.

Scoring: The WAIS-R consists of six verbal subtests and five performance subtests. The verbal tests are: Information, Comprehension, Arithmetic, Digit Span, Similarities, and Vocabulary. The Performance subtests are: Picture Arrangement, Picture Completion, Block Design, Object Assembly, and Digit Symbol. The scores derived from this test are a Verbal IQ (VIQ), a Performance IQ (PIQ), and a Full Scale IQ (FSIQ). The FSIQ is a standard score with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of approximately 15.

Reliability: Corrected split-half reliability coefficients for Verbal IQ (.95 to .97) and Full Scale IQ (.96 to .98), and their respective standard errors of about 2 points, are quite acceptable. The reliability of Performance IQ is excellent, averaging .93, although the value of .88 at ages 16 to 17 is not ideal. Subtest reliability coefficients average values exceed .80 for 9 of the 11 subtests. Only Picture Arrangement (.74) and Object Assembly (.68) fall short of expectations. Test-retest reliability coefficients affirm the excellent reliability of the Verbal and Full Scales, and show Performance IQ to be quite acceptable (.89 to .90). Test-retest coefficients for the subtests confirm the reliability of all tasks except Object Assembly and Picture Arrangement.

Validity: The manual for this revised edition does not provide new validity data, but refers interested persons to the manual for the original WAIS.

Norms: The total sample, comprising 1,880 individuals, was carefully stratified on the variables of sex, race (white-nonwhite), geographic region, occupational group, educational attainment, and urban-rural residence. The nine age groups ranged in size from 160 to 300.

Suggested Uses: The WAIS-R is recommended for use in clinical, educational, and research settings.